Thursday, April 14, 2011

NEW AMERICAN POETS
This group of poets included in Donald Allen’s influential 1960 anthology of the same name. Allen’s anthology, which collected 15 years of American writing, divided its contributors into groups: the New York School (John Ashbery, Barbara Guest, Frank O’Hara), the Black Mountain School (Charles Olson, Robert Creeley, Denise Levertov), the San Francisco Renaissance (Robert Duncan, Robin Blaser, Jack Spicer), and the Beats (Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Gregory Corso). Allen alleged that he was collecting the “third generation” of writers in the Modernist tradition, and his book is notable for presenting so many poets now recognized as leading figures of 20th-century poetry. The anthology’s impact was immediate, and it continues to be recognized as both a cultural document and a collection of the finest avant-garde writing of the period.
LINK TO GINSBERG READINGS:
Schools associated with: New York School, The Black Mountain School, San Francisco Renaissance, and The Beats.
Time Period: ­between 1945 and 1960
Located: With a collaboration of several different schools this all came from the south west region of the United States in states like California.
During this time in the United States a lot of experimental writing was produced during and after the Second World War. It took Allen until 1958 to acquire all parts of the anthology together to start working on it and it also took a ton of effort from all the artists, poets, editors and agents to make this thing happen. It was finally complete in 1960. At this time the poets were receiving much recognition through this. These artists were going against the norm with the experimental writing and were often called “counter traditions”. Before hand it was Allen’s plan to complete/revise or edit multiple anthologies every 2 to 3 years before he knew what would happen with this first. Since then he has only printed two more books in 1965 called, New American Writing, and Postmoderns. His writings had many influences on different sources small and big. He happen to be very influential to Canada as well. This influence gave Canadian writers the will power to break away from traditional British style and influences and turn more towards American now.
From the Back Cover of the book, "Donald Allen's prophetic anthology had an electrifying effect on two generations, at least, of American poets and readers. More than the repetition of familiar names and ideas that most anthologies seem to be about, here was the declaration of a collective, intelligent, and thoroughly visionary work- in- progress: the primary example for its time of the anthology-as- manifesto. Its republication today (complete with poems, statements on poetics, and autobiographical projections (provides us, again, with a model of how a contemporary anthology can and should be shaped. In these essentials it remains as fresh and useful a guide as it was in 1960." (Jerome Rothenberg, editor of Poems for the Millennium)


IMAGES:
John Ashbery    Barbara Guest
Frank O’Hara












Charles OlsenRobert Creeley


Denise Levertov    Robert Duncan

Robin Blaser      Jack spicer

Allen Ginsberg            Gary Snyder


Gregory Corso


Futurism


· This movement emphasized rejecting the forms of the past within literature and art. It supported rebellion and anarchy along with artistic innovation and experimentation.

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti began the futurist movement with his manifesto.

· Futurism was popular throughout Italy and Russia between 1909 – ?, the headquarters are located in Milan, Italy.

· Filippo Tommaso Marinetti wrote his manifesto, which began the futurist movement in Italy.

· The manifesto that outlines Futurism is called “Fondazione e manifesto del Futurismo” (The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism).

· Futurism was established as an anti-conformist movement within the arts, and supported new developments in science and technology. WWI was a large contributor to the close relation between Russia and Italy, in regards to Futurism.

· Marinetti created this movement to create a style of art to emphasize speed, power, innovation and change.

· In futurist poetry, it is typical to see different forms and sizes of typography as well as untraditional ordering of language and words that can evoke intense emotions.

· In The Joy of Mechanical Force by F.T. Marinetti, the speaker creates imagery of machinery while using very sophisticated and elegant words. I notice that this poem makes a lot of references to industrialization. The speaker also describes things in great detail and makes many exclamations (possibly to evoke emotion in the reader?).

· http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HY8kVa0qB9Q …..this is a reading of F.T. Marinetti’s Manifesto.

The Symbolist Movement

Late 19th Century - Today

Originating in France, the significance of this movement’s name is due to the use of “emblems” to represent elements of reality in a more abstract and creative fashion, giving those words or elements a more supernatural significance.

Founding Poets: Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, and Paul Valéry are considered the founders of this movement. It is said that the works of Edgar Allen Poe influenced the Symbolists.

Left: Baudelaire; Right: Mallarmé


Symbolism started in France in the late 19th century as a reaction to Naturalism, which was a movement that humbled aspects of reality rather than romanticized them.

The Symbolist Manifesto states that art is meant to represent absolute truths that can only be stated in an indirect manner. Symbolist poets wanted to bring more freedom to their writing through this movement, as opposed to being confined to direct representation.

Obviously, one would find an abundance of symbolic elements within a piece from this school. Free-verse is fairly common with this movement, as well as romantic and fantastical elements.

Calm by Charles Baudelaire

Have patience, O my sorrow, and be still.
You asked for night: it falls: it is here.
A shadowy atmosphere enshrouds the hill,
to some men bringing peace, to others care.
While the vile human multitude
goes to earn remorse, in servile pleasure’s play,
under the lash of joy, the torturer, who
is pitiless, Sadness, come, far away:
Give me your hand. See, where the lost years
lean from the balcony in their outdated gear,
where regret, smiling, surges from the watery deeps.
Underneath some archway, the dying light
sleeps, and, like a long shroud trailing from the East,
listen, dear one, listen to the soft onset of night.

This has a romantic tone to it. Many elements are represented in a way that almost embellishes their significance, as if one were reading a passage from a fantasy novel of some sort. Elements like “The shadowy atmosphere” are most certainly symbolic and represent something far greater than what they literally mean.


http://writing.upenn.edu/pennsound/x/Sherry.html


By Miles Robinson